{"id":196,"date":"2025-02-15T18:53:01","date_gmt":"2025-02-15T10:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xxiaoteng.cn\/?p=196"},"modified":"2026-05-11T21:18:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T13:18:48","slug":"shell%e6%ad%a3%e5%88%99%e8%a1%a8%e8%be%be%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xxiaoteng.cn\/?p=196","title":{"rendered":"Shell\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cShell\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff08\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tr\u3001grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f(regular expression)\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u542b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5b50\u4e32\u3001\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u505a\u66ff\u6362\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shell\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Python\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08\u8868\u5355\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u5982\u624b\u673a\u3001\u90ae\u7bb1\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\uff08\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08\u654f\u611f\u8bcd\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff09=> \u8bba\u575b\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4 => \u8981\u6c42 => \u5317\u4eac\/\u4e0a\u6d77 => \u5e1d\u90fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.<\/strong> \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8be6\u89e3\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u2460 \u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d \u2461 \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u7b26\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u666e\u901a\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u666e\u53ca\uff1a\/proc\/cpuinfo\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u4fe1\u606f\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u63d0\u53d6 CPU \u578b\u53f7\ngrep "model name" \/proc\/cpuinfo | uniq\n\n# \u63d0\u53d6 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\ngrep "cpu cores" \/proc\/cpuinfo | uniq<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[0-9] \uff1a \u5339\u914d0-9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[a-z] \uff1a \u5339\u914da-z\u4e4b\u95f4\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6570\u5b573\necho "abc123" |grep "3"\n\n\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\necho "abc123" |grep "[0-9]"\n\n\u6848\u4f8b3\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\necho "abc123" |grep "[a-z]"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
grep\u9009\u9879-E \u548c -P\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\uff1agrep \u5173\u952e\u8bcd \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -E \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep -P \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
-E<\/code> (Extended Regular Expressions, \u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\n-E\u9009\u9879\u542f\u7528\u4e86 \u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08ERE\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08BRE\uff09\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n\u4f7f\u7528 +\uff08\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u3001?\uff08\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\u3001|\uff08\u8868\u793a\u6216\uff09\u7b49\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff08\\\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002\n\u652f\u6301\u62ec\u53f7 () \u548c\u7ad6\u7ebf | \u7b49\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
-P<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Perl \u517c\u5bb9\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08PCRE\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728 -E \u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\d\uff0c\\w\uff0c\\b\uff08\u5355\u8bcd\u8fb9\u754c\uff09\u7b49\n\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1 Perl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528-E\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\\d\u3001\\w\u3001\\s\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528-P\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f-E\u5339\u914d\u4e0d\u5230\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528-P\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff1ahttps:\/\/goldtools.cn\/regexp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u4e09\u6b65\u8d70\uff1a\u2460 \u67e5\u4ec0\u4e48 \u2461 \u67e5\u591a\u5c11 \u2462 \u4ece\u54ea\u67e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2606 \u67e5\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr>
.\uff08\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u70b9\u53f7.\uff09<\/td>\u4e07\u80fd\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u9664\u4e86\\n\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
[ ]<\/td>\u5339\u914d[ ]\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>
[^\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26]<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u9664\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c^\u6258\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee3\u8868\u53d6\u53cd\u7684\u610f\u601d<\/td><\/tr>
\\d<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5373[0-9]\uff0c\\d\u90fd\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aPerl\u98ce\u683c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr>
\\D<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u975e\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57<\/td><\/tr>
\\s<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u5373 \u7a7a\u683c\uff0ctab\u952e<\/td><\/tr>
\\S<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u975e\u7a7a\u767d<\/td><\/tr>
\\w<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u975e\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5373a-z\u3001A-Z\u30010-9\u3001_<\/td><\/tr>
\\W<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u975e\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
[a-z]\u5339\u914d26\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c[A-Z]\u5339\u914d26\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c[0-9]\u4efb\u4e00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c[3-9]\u5339\u914d3-9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c[aeiou]\u5339\u914d\u5c0faeiou\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n
[^a-z] \uff1a\u5339\u914d\u9664\u4e8626\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c[^0-9] \uff1a\u5339\u914d\u9664\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n
^\u6258\u5b57\u8282\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728[]\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u53d6\u53cd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728[]\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\u5916\u4fa7\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5f00\u5934\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep "[a-z]" file.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1agrep\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6309\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aShell\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff08grep\u3001sed\u3001awk\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u5305\u542bERROR\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep ERROR \/var\/log\/mysqld.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b3\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\nls | grep -E "[0-9]"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u6f14\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo "abc123" |grep '[0-9]'\necho "abc123" |grep -P '\\w'    # \\w\u65e2\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\necho "abc123" |grep -E '[0-9a-zA-Z]'\necho "abc.123" |grep -E '.'    # \u4e07\u80fd\u5b57\u7b26\necho "abc.123" |grep -E '\\.'   # \u5339\u914d.\u70b9\u53f7\necho "abc123" |grep -E '[^0-9]'\necho "abc 123" |grep -P '\\s'   # \u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u683c\necho "abc 123" |grep -P '\\S'   # \u5339\u914d\u975e\u7a7a\u683c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2606 \u67e5\u591a\u5c11\uff08\u5339\u914d\u7b26\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr>
*<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b00\u6b21\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\uff0c\u7b80\u79f00\u5230\u591a<\/td><\/tr>
+<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b01\u6b21\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u81f3\u5c11\u67091\u6b21\uff0c\u7b80\u79f01\u5230\u591a<\/td><\/tr>
?<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b01\u6b21\u6216\u80050\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u4e48\u67091\u6b21\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u7b80\u79f00\u62161<\/td><\/tr>
{m}<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0m\u6b21\uff0c{3}\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53ea\u80fd\u51fa\u73b03\u6b21<\/td><\/tr>
{m,}<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0m\u6b21\uff0c{3,}\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11\u51fa\u73b03\u6b21\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e3\u5230\u591a<\/td><\/tr>
{m,n}<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u4ecem\u5230n\u6b21\uff0c{3,5}\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11\u51fa\u73b03\u6b21\uff0c\u81f3\u591a\u51fa\u73b05\u6b21<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb0\u4f4f\u524d4\u4e2a\uff0c* + ? {m}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u5339\u914d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u5339\u914d\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7279\u6b8a\u5199\u6cd5 => .* \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<body><\/body><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<body>hello world<\/body><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<body>...............................<body><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e3a\uff1a<body>(.*)<\/body><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08\u8d2a\u5a6a\u5339\u914d\uff09\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d2a\u5a6a\u5339\u914d\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u666e\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aNginx\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08access.log\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09 + \uff08error.log\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
access.log\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef =\u300bNginx =\u300b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8d70HTTP\u534f\u8bae\/HTTPS\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u975e\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3 => 80\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0cS\uff08Secure\u5b89\u5168 \u6216\u8fd9 SSL\u8bc1\u4e66 => \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed9\u7f51\u7ad9\u9881\u53d1\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3 => 443\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u9493\u9c7c\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9881\u53d1\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u75283\u4e2a\u6708 + \u8d2d\u4e701\u4e07\u591a1\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1aGET\uff08\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff09 + POST\uff08\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
LNMT => Nginx => Tomcat\uff08\u6545\u969c\uff09=> 500<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a\u4ece\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u884c\u3002IP \u5730\u5740\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u70b9\u53f7\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c 192.168.0.1<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
. \uff1a\u4e07\u80fd\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5339\u914d\u9664\u4e86\\n\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\. \uff1a\u975e\u4e07\u80fd\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d.\u70b9\u53f7\uff1b\\\u4ee3\u8868\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
192.168.1.1 - - [07\/Jan\/2025:12:45:32 +0000] "GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1" 200 1024\n172.16.0.2 - - [07\/Jan\/2025:12:46:15 +0000] "POST \/login HTTP\/1.1" 403 2048\n192.168.2.3 - - [07\/Jan\/2025:12:47:22 +0000] "GET \/about.html HTTP\/1.1" 200 1024\n10.0.0.4 - - [07\/Jan\/2025:12:48:44 +0000] "GET \/contact.html HTTP\/1.1" 404 512\ninvalid_ip - - [07\/Jan\/2025:12:49:55 +0000] "GET \/invalid HTTP\/1.1" 400 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\nLOGFILE="\/var\/log\/access.log"\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u5305\u542bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u884c\ngrep -P "\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}" $LOGFILE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a YYYY-MM-DD<\/code> \u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e74\u4efd\u90e8\u5206\u6709 4 \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u65e5\u671f\u90e8\u5206\u683c\u5f0f\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
application.log<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2025-01-01 \u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8\n2025-01-02 \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\nError: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n2025-01-03 \u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5165\u6210\u529f\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u57282025-01-04\n\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\nLOGFILE="\/var\/log\/application.log"\n\n# \u5339\u914d\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f YYYY-MM-DD\ngrep -E "[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}" $LOGFILE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b3\uff1a\u63d0\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xxx@xxx.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xxx@xxx.com.cn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u90ae\u7bb1\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3001\u6a2a\u5c97\u3001\u70b9\u53f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@\uff1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709@\u7b26\u53f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff1a\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5982baidu.com\u3001sina.com.cn\u3001itcast.cn\u7b49\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
file_with_emails.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
valid.email@example.com\nanother.email@domain.org\ninvalid-email.com\nyet.another.email@sub.domain.co.uk\n123@numbers.com\nmissingatsign.com\nemail@valid-domain.com\nnot_a_valid_email@com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u542b\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\nEMAIL_FILE="file_with_emails.txt"\n\n# \u63d0\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\ngrep -E "[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}" $EMAIL_FILE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c.<\/code>\u70b9\u53f7\u51fa\u73b0\u5728[]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\\\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u70b9\u53f7\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728[]\u5b57\u7b26\u7c07\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u70b9\u53f7\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a2a\u5c97\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e-\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u6446\u653e._-\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b4\uff1a\u4ece\u5e93\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u4ea7\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982 \"P12345\"\u3001\"A7890\"\uff09\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u7f6e\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\\b\u5355\u8bcd\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5982A123 \u4ea7\u54c1A\uff0c\u5339\u914d A123 \u4ea7\u54c1A\uff0cA123\u4e24\u8fb9\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5355\u8bcd\u8fb9\u754c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I am Tom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\bTom\\b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
stock.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A123 \u4ea7\u54c1A\nB4567 \u4ea7\u54c1B\nC890 \u4ea7\u54c1C\nD12 \u4ea7\u54c1D\nXYZ123 \u4ea7\u54c1E\nA 1234 \u4ea7\u54c1F<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u5e93\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\nSTOCKFILE="\/data\/stock.txt"\n\n# \u63d0\u53d6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\ngrep -P "\\b[A-Z][0-9]+\\b" $STOCKFILE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\\b\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5339\u914d\u7b26\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2606 \u4ece\u54ea\u67e5\uff08\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr>
^<\/td>\u6258\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\uff0c^\/dev\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4ee5\/dev\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>
$<\/td>\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff08\u53ea\u898111\u4f4d\u5408\u6cd5\u3001\u5408\u7406\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5408\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\u30014\u30015\u30016\u30017\u30018\u30019<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540e\u97629\u4f4d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff1f\u53ea\u8981[0-9]\u4e4b\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo "13575668799" |grep -E "^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5 \/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982 \"admin\"\uff09\u5f00\u5934<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63d0\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff1auseradd admin123<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5 \/etc\/passwd \u4e2d\u4ee5 "admin" \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\ngrep -E '^admin.*' \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a\u53bb\u9664\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f1 | \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
|\uff1a\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u6216\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u65e2\u8981\u5339\u914d\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f1 \u8fd8\u8981\u5339\u914d\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\nCONFIG_FILE="\/etc\/rsyslog.conf"\n\n# \u53bb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6ce8\u91ca\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\u6216\u8005\u7a7a\u884c\ngrep -Ev "^#|^$" $CONFIG_FILE\n\u6216\negrep -v "^#|^$" $CONFIG_FILE\n\n\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u4e2d\uff0cegrep\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8egrep -E<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.<\/strong> \u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5339\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u6817\u5b50\uff1a1234-1111-1221-3333<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u8fde\u7eed\u76844\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\\d{4}\u6216[0-9]{4}<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d1111\u4ee5\u53ca3333\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5339\u914d4\u4f4d\u8fde\u7eed\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d1221\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c1\u4f4d\u548c\u7b2c4\u4f4d\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7b2c2\u4f4d\u548c\u7b2c3\u4f4d\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u2606 \u5206\u7ec4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5bf9\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\"\u5206\u7ec4\"\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\d\\d\\d\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u8fde\u7eed\u76843\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\d(\\d)(\\d) \uff1a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\\d\\d\\d\u4e2d\uff0c(\\d)(\\d)\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a()<\/code>\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2606 \u6355\u83b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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